Davi da Silva

I met Davi da Silva at the Zadoque Church in São Paulo, Brazil in the very first week that Portraits in Faith became an international project. The Zadoque Church caters to “underground” Christians who are part of the tattooed, pierced, leather-wearing, or goth-dressed counterculture. Davi defied all my preconceptions of someone with multiple pierced rings across his upper and lower lips. He turned out to be a beautiful soul filled with devotion to the cause of loving all of humanity—a great lesson for me in prejudging others.

I was touched by Davi’s story that he really only joined the underground world when he tried to find a church home for his brother who had turned to counterculture and could find no church that would accept him. So as I reflect on this beautiful human being, Davi da Silva, I am also reflecting on why we push people away and reject those whose appearances are different. I questioned a professional colleague from my marketing and innovation work who has a strong background in evolutionary psychology and behavioral science. He shared this perspective with me by email:

“Humans have a fairly well documented ingroup- outgroup bias. From an evolutionary perspective, your own tribe was generally safer than strangers, so we have implicit bias to favor our inner circle. Humans are cognitively lazy, so will default to simple differentiators to define that inner circle, and more importantly, to identify strangers/outsiders. Probably the easiest is simple recognition, and trusting/liking people we know. But in the absence of that, in modern society where we need to deal with much larger numbers of people than we evolved to manage, it's fair to speculate that skin color or other visual markers like piercings are an obvious cognitively and perceptually simple default differentiator. I think there's already a partial answer in there, as we don't tend to see discrimination based on hair color. I suspect that is because we cannot effectively group people by hair color, because it doesn't correlate with any effective societal boundary. There may have been at one time, but now that we don't have villages of redheads or blondes—we are all so mixed up that it's not useful. Without a corresponding pattern, the perceptual cue is (unconsciously) disregarded. I suspect the reason skin color is potentially still an in group/out group differentiator is because we are still societally grouped by race, at least to some degree, and especially in the U.S. So we have a correlation between a simple visual marker and a societal demographic effect. If that is right, then the obvious answer is true integration, in where we live, where we play, where we work, and in entertainment. And start with schools, because habits and biases are more plastic early in development.”

So to explore this I will start with my own Jewish tradition and the commandment to “Love thy neighbor as thyself.” What does it mean to love my neighbor as myself? Rabbi Rachel Kaplan Marks, of Congregation Shalom in Fox Point, offered this beautiful commentary from the Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle newspaper:

“In her teachings, Nehama Leibowitz draws attention to the writing of R. N. H. Weisel who offers, ‘Love thy neighbor who is kamocha as thyself—like you, created in the image of God, a human being like yourself.’ In other words, perhaps kamocha refers to the notion that each and every human being is created in God’s likeness; therefore, we all share a godly likeness with one another, and thus if we love God, then we must love each other."

“Our sage, Rashi, quotes Rabbi Akiva’s teaching that the commandment, ‘love your fellow as yourself’ is a klal gadol—a central principle of Torah. Perhaps, however, this principle is central not only because it creates a culture of kindness and decency among people, but rather it is a central principle because we acknowledge our likeness to God by emulating God and showing love to one another.”

Turning to the Christian tradition, I am struck by Jesus’s parable of the Good Samaritan. Most of us, across religions, know of this story or at least the metaphor of a good samaritan. But the story itself is powerful and changes who we think of as our neighbor. I love this interpretation by my former Procter & Gamble colleague, Barron Witherspoon, Sr., who wrote a powerful book, The Fallacy of Affinity: A Case for Cross-Cultural Worship, about the need for mixed-race congregations and worship:

“This parable is given by Jesus in the context of an expert in Jewish law asking ‘Who is my neighbor?’ You see, Jesus was teaching this lawyer to re-think his notion of the neighborhood, even his notion of brotherhood. Jesus was teaching him that ethnic and racial affinity is not the determinant of brotherly love. He was teaching there is honor in extending oneself across traditionally taboo barriers of race and class and investing in the physical (and spiritual) development of others. We see in this example, Jesus fully intended for the outcast to be brought into the family of God.”

And, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. actually expounded on the lesson of the parable of the good Samaritan in his 1967 sermon: “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence,” delivered at Riverside Church in New York City.

In this sermon, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. reminds us that the real goal is not just to follow the role model of the Good Samaritan but even more we need to transform our world where people become beggars and get beaten up.

So, returning to my wise and esteemed colleague, Barron Witherspoon, Sr., he raises important questions about why we prefer to worship with people who look like ourselves when the message of Jesus and other prophets was clearly opposite to this:

“I wonder why we lay aside our ability to adapt when we enter the church. We somehow forget how to change ourselves and we lose interest in anything which requires us to adapt a new practice. If you want to see inflexibility and a lack of adaptability suggest something be changed in your church. People want to enjoy routine in church. We want to sit in the same place, sing the same songs, listen to the same messages, fellowship with the same people, and enter and leave the worship service at precisely the same time each week. Change any of these particulars and you will witness the most vigorous objection. To what are we objecting? We are objecting to change, and in doing so, we invite extinction upon ourselves. We are setting aside all our God-given adaptability in favor of extra-Biblical preferences. You see, we often do not get our preferences for where to sit, what to sing, and what instruments to play from the Bible. We get these preferences from generations of repetition. Like the animal whose current food source has become his only food, our current worship styles have become our only way to worship. Any other food is not really food, and any other worship style is not really worship. I don’t know about you, but I would rather be part of building up the church than facilitating its demise.”

So if the lesson is to embrace everyone as my neighbor, then how do we understand the music of a counterculture like death metal actually being sacred music? I found a scholar whose doctoral dissertation was about more deeply understanding Christian heavy metal music. Eric Strother, Ph.D. explains this cultural mash-up as follows:

“Christian metal bands show images of death, destruction, and the demonic, and they do so in part because that is what is expected of metal bands in certain subgenres. It is fallacious, however, to assume they arrive at these images because they are fascinated with evil and chaos. Instead, they hold a perspective that those images reflect the state of ‘the world’ without the light of Christ in it. As one member of the Christian thrash band Temple of Blood stated, ‘[M]etal is about dark topics. Christian metal tends to focus on dark Biblical topics.’

...

“Many of the ideas on both sides of the Christian metal debate are based in the view that some forms of art are inextricably associated with a particular moral position. It is a perspective that dates at least to the writings of Plato and Aristotle, who both believed particular musical modes were inherently connected to particular states of mind. In the modern era, this view creates a peculiar irony surrounding the Christian metal scene: despite the contempt many within the Christian Church and general market metal scene feel toward each other, many share the same opinion that Christianity and metal music are not compatible because metal is inherently ‘evil.’ What both sides often do not accept is the view that music, as a system for organizing sound, has no absolute morality. Leonard Cohen’s ‘secret chord’ that is pleasing to God is a myth in the same way as Satan’s preference for the tritone is. Music has the capacity for inspiring an emotional response from the listener, but the nature of that response is far from universal, it is culturally-based and is within the control of the listener.”

So if I understand correctly the lessons of meeting Davi: Everyone is my neighbor—no exceptions— even those my culture tells me to hate and fear. I love and care for my neighbor because I want to be in a relationship with my Higher Power and every human (and all of creation) because all are an expression of the Divine. It is important that houses of worship and I must work to make where we worship more diverse than it is today. I need to not judge so quickly new and unusual-to-me forms of self-expression and ways of reaching out for a God-connection.

Thank you Davi da Silva for your big, pierced smile and loving heart!